Gastrointestinal System
Antiemetics: Receptors, Drugs & When to Use Them
The five antiemetic receptor targets — 5-HT3, D2, H1, muscarinic and NK1 — matched to the cause of nausea, from chemotherapy to motion sickness and pregnancy.
The five antiemetic receptor targets — 5-HT3, D2, H1, muscarinic and NK1 — matched to the cause of nausea, from chemotherapy to motion sickness and pregnancy.
The participant journey through the CONSORT funnel — screening, eligibility, enrolment, the methods of randomisation, and allocation concealment vs blinding.
The trial’s blueprint — protocol contents, amendments, and the crucial difference between a protocol deviation and a violation.
PPIs, H2 blockers, antacids, mucosal protectants and H. pylori therapy mapped onto the parietal cell — why PPIs are the most potent acid suppressors.
Consent is a process, not a signature — its three components, the elements to disclose, documentation, and special situations (illiterate, vulnerable, children).
Every airway drug split into relievers and controllers — bronchodilators vs anti-inflammatories — with the asthma-vs-COPD strategy and acute attack management.
The foundation of the Clinical Research paper — trial phases (0–IV), the ethical milestones (Nuremberg, Helsinki, Belmont) and the ICH-GCP framework.
The four mechanisms of antiepileptic action — sodium, calcium, GABA and glutamate — with the drug of choice for each seizure type and two key safety red-flags.
Clinical pharmacokinetics turned into usable dosing — bioavailability, Vd, clearance and half-life, the loading and maintenance dose formulas, elimination kinetics and steady state.
Safe prescribing in pregnancy, paediatrics, the elderly, and renal or hepatic impairment — the teratogen list and the dose-adjustment rules examiners love.